Komunikasi Etis dalam Pendidikan Kristen di Tengah Relativisme Moral di Era Digitalisasi

Andreas Kurniawan, Tjutjun Setiawan, Suranto Suranto, Simon Simon

Abstract


This article focuses on explaining explaining how ethical communication relates to Christian Religious Education amidst the emergence of moral relativism in the digitalization era. The available discussion tends to focus more on Christian Religious Education (CRE)  in relation to spirituality, ethics, or evangelical values. Given the still-limited direction of studies that elaborate on communication in Christian Religious Education (CRE) amidst moral relativism, the researcher sees this as a gap in the discussion. The method used by the researcher in elaborating this paper is descriptive-analytical qualitative. The selection of this method is to obtain a deep and comprehensive understanding of phenomena that are conceptual in nature. The findings of this study indicate that moral relativism is becoming increasingly dominant as exposure to diverse values and norms through digital media increases. As a result, cyberbullying and hate speech in digital media have become dominant. The collaborative efforts of the church, school, and family become crucial in building ethical communication rooted in Christian values.


ABSTRAK

Artikel ini berfokus menguraikan bagaimana komunikasi Etis dalam kaitan Pendidikan Agama Kristen ditengah menguaknya relativisme moral dalam era digitalisasi. Kajian ini peneliti uraikan karena observasi terkait penelitian yang berkaitan topik ini masih amat minim dibahas. Kecenderungan arah pembahasan yang tersedia lebih mentik-beratkan PAK dalam kaitan spiritual, etika maupun nilai-nilai Injili. Dari masih minimnya arah kajian yang mengelaborasikan tentang komunikasi dalam PAK ditengah relativisme moral, peneliti melihat hal ini sebagai gap dalam pembahasan. Metode yang digunakan peneliti dalam menguraikan tulisan ini kualitatif deskriptif-analitis. Pemilihan metode ini untuk memperoleh pemahaman mendalam dan komprehensif terhadap fenomena yang bersifat konseptual. Temuan kajian ini mengemukakan relativisme moral menjadi semakin dominan seiring dengan meningkatnya paparan terhadap keragaman nilai dan norma melalui media digital. Akibatnya, perundungan di media seperti bullyan, ujan kebencian mendominasi. Upaya kolaborasi gereja, sekolah, dan keluarga menjadi sangat krusial dalam membangun komunikasi etis yang berakar pada nilai-nilai Kristiani.

 

Kata Kunci: Komunikasi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen, Moral, Digitalisasi.


Keywords


Communication, Christian Religious Education, Morality, Digitalization.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alexandra Crăciun. “The World of Digital Information Post-Truth. Contemporary Paradigms in Framing Information.” ProQuest 1, no. 21 (2017): 75-80.

Ali, Ayesha, and Ihsan Ayyub Qazi. “Digital Literacy and Vulnerability to Misinformation.” Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media 2, no. 2 (November 2022): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.51685/jqd.2022.025.

Barbara Green Winslet Bessie, and Hasanuddin Manurung. “Challenges and Opportunities of Christian Religious Education in the Digital Era.” International Perspectives in Christian Education and Philosophy 2, no. 3 (June 2025): 01–10. https://doi.org/10.61132/ipcep.v2i3.332.

Boiliu, Esti Regina, Demsy Jura, and António Oliveira De Carvalho. “Reinterpreting Religion in the Digital Age: Theology, Ethics, and Christian Education.” Didache: Journal of Christian Education 6, no. 2 (December 2025): 219–42. https://doi.org/10.46445/djce.v6i2.1075.

Bularca, Maria Cristina, Sergiu Cristescu, Adrian Netedu, and Claudiu Coman. “Analyzing the Cyberbullying Phenomenon on Social Media from the Perspective of Students.” Frontiers in Psychology 15, no. 2 (December 2024): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1458079.

Bullard, Sarah. Postmodern Communication Ethics. Murray State University, 2025.

Chandra, Yakob Utama, and Narayana Maydian. “Factors Influencing Disinformation on Social Media: A Systematic Literature Review.” In 2021 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech), 287–91. IEEE, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTech53080.2021.9535001.

Choong, Wayne. “An Ecosystemic Approach to Digital Christianity: How Faith and Identity Formation Evolve among Youth in Singapore.” Religion and Social Communication 23, no. 2 (2025): 317–45.

Cortiz, Diogo, and Arkaitz Zubiaga. “Ethical and Technical Challenges of AI in Tackling Hate Speech.” The International Review of Information Ethics 29, no. 1–10 (March 2021). https://doi.org/10.29173/irie416.

Coutinho, Luís, José Alberto Lencastre, and Ana Maria Tomás. “Cyberbullying: A Comparative Analysis between the Results of a Scoping Study and a Questionnaire Applied to Students.” Frontiers in Computer Science 7, no. 1 (September 2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1506046.

Danquah, Ebenezer. “The Curriculum in a Christian School: What Makes It Christ-Centered.” Journal of Educational Studies 5, no. 1 (2023): 101–31.

Foster, Clare L. E. “Truth as Social Practice in a Digital Era: Iteration as Persuasion.” AI & SOCIETY 38, no. 5 (October 2023): 2009–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01306-w.

Harrison, Tom, and Gianfranco Polizzi. “(In)Civility and Adolescents’ Moral Decision Making Online: Drawing on Moral Theory to Advance Digital Citizenship Education.” Education and Information Technologies 27, no. 3 (April 2022): 3277–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10710-0.

Hauliza, Metra, and Irwan Satria. “Parental Contribution to Developing Moral Character in Adolescent Social Media Users.” Indonesian Journal of Character Education Studies 2, no. 1 (March 2025): 40–48. https://doi.org/10.64420/ijces.v2i1.239.

Holmes, Colin, and David Lindsay. “In Search of Christian Theological Research Methodology.” Sage Open 8, no. 4 (October 2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018809214.

Larosa, Yasozatulo. “The Integration Of Christian Values In The Implementation Of An Independent Curriculum In Christian Schools In Developing Student Character In The Era Of Digital Technology.” Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 4, no. 9 (September 2024): 7949–57. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i9.6410.

Marpaung, Agus Marulitua, and Byung June Hwang. “Theology of Christian Education on Leading toward Spiritual Transformation in the Frame of Religious Moderation in Digital Society Context.” KURIOS 9, no. 2 (September 2023): 432–40. https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v9i2.746.

Massang, Olivia, Julnita Datu Langi, Yunike Limbong, Melya Malimbu, and Semar Wilkia Palimbunga. “Pendidikan Kristen Sebagai Fondasi Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik Di Era Digital.” Tarbiyatul Ilmu: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan 3, no. 2 (2025): 261–75.

Newman, Mark, and David Gough. “Systematic Reviews in Educational Research: Methodology, Perspectives and Application.” In Systematic Reviews in Educational Research, 3–22. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27602-7_1.

Nickerson, Amanda B., and Stephanie S. Fredrick. “Cyberbullying and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents.” Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 22, no. 1 (May 2026): 559–86. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061324-073435.

Olteanu, Alexandra, Carlos Castillo, Jeremy Boy, and Kush Varshney. “The Effect of Extremist Violence on Hateful Speech Online.” Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 12, no. 1 (June 2018). https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v12i1.15040.

ÖZDEN, Muhammet. “Content and Thematic Analysis Techniques in Qualitative Research: Purpose, Process and Features.” Qualitative Inquiry in Education: Theory & Practice 2, no. 1 (August 2024): 64–81. https://doi.org/10.59455/qietp.20.

PARK, Seungbae. “Cultural Relativism vs. Cultural Absolutism.” Cultura 18, no. 2 (January 2021): 75–91. https://doi.org/10.3726/CUL022021.0004.

Popa-Bota, Ioan. “Church, Family and School-Factors of Religious Education.” Astra Salvensis-Revista de Istorie Si Cultura 7, no. 14 (2019): 201–11.

Rai, Tage S, and Keith J Holyoak. “Exposure to Moral Relativism Compromises Moral Behavior.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49, no. 6 (2013): 995–1001.

Romanishyn, Alexander, Olena Malytska, and Vitaliy Goncharuk. “AI-Driven Disinformation: Policy Recommendations for Democratic Resilience.” Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 8, no. 1 (July 2025): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1569115.

Salza, Guido, and Robin Samuel. “Digital Engagement and Youth: A Scoping Review of Opportunities, Risks, and the Role of Socioeconomic Resources.” Information, Communication & Society 28, no. 3 (October 2025): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2025.2574297.

Schulz, Peter Johannes, Marc-Olivier Boldi, and Ann van Ackere. “Adolescent Cyberbullying and Cyber Victimization: Longitudinal Study before and during COVID-19.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 27 (2025): e70508.

Sembiring, Lena Anjarsari, and Simon Simon. “Kontribusi Pengajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Membantu Pemulihan Traumatis Korban Pelecahan Seksual.” Jurnal Shanan 6, no. 1 (2022): 25–44.

Serafini, Luca. “The Old-New Epistemology of Digital Journalism: How Algorithms and Filter Bubbles Are (Re)Creating Modern Metanarratives.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10, no. 1 (July 2023): 395. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01905-6.

Shuraeva, L. Yu., and A. G. Korinets. “Social Effect of ‘Cancel Culture’ on the Digital Environment: The Case of Generations Y and Z.” Vestnik Universiteta 1, no. 12 (February 2023): 248–56. https://doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-12-248-256.

Simon, Simon, Robi Panggarra, and Reinhard Berhitu. “Ber Tik-Tok: Sejauh Mana Bentuk Mengekspresikan Diri Dilakukan Dalam Perspektif Etika Kristiani.” Vox Dei: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pastoral 3, no. 2 (2022): 171–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46408/vxd.v3i2.155.

Sitanggang, Murni Hermawaty. “Spiritual Education for Children as A Shared Responsibility Between Parents and The Church.” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 7, no. 1 (January 2023): 80. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v7i1.630.

Smith, David I, and Kara Sevensma. “Discernment, Technology, and Digital Citizenship in a Christian School System.” International Journal of Christianity & Education 24, no. 2 (July 2020): 135–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056997119868248.

Susan, Novri, and Doddy Sumbodo Singgih. “Interest as a Mode of Reality: Answering the Crisis of Digital Society.” Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik 36, no. 1 (2023): 88–100.

Sutrisno, Sutrisno, Peni Hestiningrum, Marthin Steven Lumingkewas, and Bobby Kurnia Putrawan. “Christian Religious Education Toward The Teenagers Character Building.” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 5, no. 2 (July 2021): 202. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v5i2.330.

Tao, Tu, Vishalache Balakrishnan, and Azni Yati Binti Kamaruddin. “Research on Moral Reasoning Applicable to the Education of Pre-Service Teachers: A Systematic Literature Review.” Cogent Education 12, no. 1 (December 2025). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2554324.

Tjondro, Betsy Aprilia, and Bambang Ismanto. “Developing Student Character Education Based on Christian Faith in Increasing Solidarity and Love for the Country.” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 12 (December 2023): 12295–301. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.6539.

Ushatikova, Irina Igorevna, Natalya Mikhailovna Nesova, Elena Evgenyevna Demidova, Olga Yuryevna Kopylova, and Aleksey Valeryevich Novikov. “Christian Values in Spiritual and Moral Upbringing of Students.” European Journal of Science and Theology 14, no. 5 (2018): 77–87.

Woodward, Scott, and Royce Kimmons. “Religious Implications of Social Media in Education.” Religion & Education 46, no. 2 (April 2019): 271–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/15507394.2018.1510249.

Yurlina Ndruru, Andreas Teko, and Sandra Rosiana Tapilaha. “Teologi Pendidikan Agama Kristen: Fondasi Dan Implikasi Untuk Pendidikan Modern.” Tri Tunggal: Jurnal Pendidikan Kristen Dan Katolik 2, no. 2 (April 2024): 167–76. https://doi.org/10.61132/tritunggal.v2i2.270.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37731/log.v7i2.367

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Logia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Logia: Jurnal Teologi Pentakosta has been registered on:

   About the Journal | Prologue: Journal on Language and Literature

View My Stats